Sensor Types and Its Applications

The sensors are sophisticated devices that are often used to detect and respond to electrical (u) optical signals. Usually, the sensor output is in the form of an electrical or optical signal. We often use various types of sensors in a variety of applications, including infrared remote sensors, TV remote control, PIR sensors to automatically open and close doors, LDR sensors for public lighting systems, etc., in everyday life. In this article, we will briefly describe some types of sensors and how to use them.

Different types of Sensors and its application:-

The most common types of sensors used in the production of electrical projects are classified according to the number of IR (infrared) sensors, speed, PIR (passive infrared), temperature, touch, ultrasonic sensor.

What is a speed sensor?

Speed ​​sensors are used to detect the speed of an object or vehicle. There are many types of sensors that detect speed, such as the speedometer, the wheel speed sensor, the LIDAR, the forward speed radar, the Doppler radar, the pitot tube and the air speed indicator.

Speed ​​sensor applications:-

A common application of speed sensors is the speed synchronization of multiple motors in industries that use wireless technology based on PIC micro-controllers. One of the many engines in the industry is considered the main engine, which tracks the speed of an engine that acts as another engine that acts as a transmitter and receiver. The motor used in this project is a BLDC motor controlled by PWM in RF wireless communication mode.

A reference RPM is provided on each motor shaft equipped with an IR sensor and the closed circuit can be found by feeding this o / p to the micro-controller in the circuit. The maximum speed is displayed on the screen and you can use the keyboard to provide the selected percentage to reach the required speed for all engines. The given percentage coincides with the execution of RPM by automatically changing the pulse width o / p of the micro-controller to maintain adequate DC power for the motor.

Therefore, if you change the speed of the transmission engine, you can use this technique to change the speed of any engine.

What is a temperature sensor?

The sensors that measure the temperature with an electrical signal are called temperature sensors, which are shaped like voltage and are proportional to the temperature measurement.

There are several types of temperature sensors used for temperature measurement, namely contact type and contact less temperature sensors. Both are subdivided into mechanical temperature sensors, such as thermometers and bi-metals. Electric temperature sensors such as thermistors, resistance thermometers, thermo-couples and Si band temperature sensors.

What is a PIR sensor?

PIR sensors are used to measure the IR radiation generated from objects in the field of vision. All objects have a temperature that emits thermal energy in the form of radiation, which is invisible to the human eye, but is emitted at an infrared wavelength, which can be recognized by special purpose electronics, such as PIR motion detectors.

PIR sensor application:-

A common application of PIR sensors is the automatic door opening system, which is proposed for the work of automatic door opening based on the movement of the body near the door. The automatic door opening system based on the PIR sensor consists of an 8051 micro-controller, a PIR sensor, an IC controller and a door motor.

If the movement of the body is near the door, the IR radiation generated by the body is fed to the 8051 series micro-controller causing the sensor to generate a detection signal.

Then drive the door motor and then control it with a micro-controller through the IC controller. Then, when someone approaches the door, the micro-controller sends a signal to open the door and sets the time delay that automatically closes the door. The proposed system is expected to operate and close doors in public places such as theaters, shopping centers and hotels.

What is an ultrasonic sensor?

The principle of the ultrasonic sensor is like radar that generates high frequency sound waves to clarify the echo that comes from the radio to estimate the quality of the object. The range of human hearing is called an ultrasound transducer.

Ultrasonic sensor application:-

A common application of ultrasonic sensors is the measurement of distances in unreachable areas. This circuit includes an ultrasonic module, an LCD display and an 8051 series micro-controller. The ultrasonic module interacts with the 8051 series micro-controllers, which consist of a transmitter and a receiver.

The wave transmitted by the transducer is received again after the wave is reflected in the object. The speed of sound is taken into account to calculate the time it takes to send and receive waves. The distance is calculated by running the program on the micro-controller and then displayed on the LCD screen.

What is a touch sensor?

The touch sensor is a switch that can be activated by touch. There are several types of touch sensors classified by touch type, such as resistive touch switches, capacitance touch switches and piezoelectric touch switches.